This is interesting, an article about how each of the three successive presidents of the SG changed the SG's history to suit themselves:
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During that ten-year period (1957-1967), there were many reversals and changes in doctrine, activities, official history, and the definition of important religious nomenclature. For the members of a religious community, the change of personal leader necessarily entails the adoption of a new ideological view of the world. The new leader impresses his own style on the organization, resulting in many profound changes. For the individual member, this can be likened to the trauma associated with moving from one country to another. New customs and protocols have to be observed, language and terminology is adopted, and what was once praiseworthy, even holy, may become forbidden.
We saw this clearly with the so-called "temple issue" O_O Tozan, once the expression of the most sincere seeking spirit, became forbidden - for no apparent reason. A line was drawn one day, and that was that.
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In order to maintain one's status as a devout member, one must adjust to these changing circumstances, or suffer ostracism. Many are no doubt left confused, perhaps even feel betrayed, by such radical changes. It is certain that Soka Gakkai changed in this dramatic fashion when each of its three presidents came to power. [
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The use of the word "power" in that last sentence is not in the least accidental.
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One of the ways in which the continuous reformulation of Soka Gakkai doctrine, and the rationalization of its changing religious behavior, can be most interestingly analyzed is in the definition of and importance placed on the term shakubuku. This word is made up of two characters, which individually mean to break (shaku or setsu, literally a hand with an axe), and to lie face down (fuku, literally a man lying down like a dog). It is therefore easy to see why it is often translated into English as "forced conversion". Yet, despite its literal meaning, there are almost as many definitions given for the term shakubuku as there are sources that describe it. In the following section, the many definitions of the term by scholars and by Soka Gakkai shall be examined.
Even now, several years out, the word "shakubuku" still fills me with dread and revulsion. Such a vile concept. Why shouldn't people be *free* to choose whatever believe system suits them??? If someone has to be beaten over the head to be "persuaded" to join, then it's obviously not right for him, right?
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Shakubuku has often been maligned by Soka Gakkai's detractors as a technique of forceful conversion, often equated with the so-called "brainwashing" practices of religious groups deemed dangerous. Stories abound from the time of Toda's presidency, and also from the first decades of Ikeda's leadership, of members harassing potential converts at their homes at all hours of the night, of intimidating rival religious groups, and other unsavoury practices. It is because of these accounts, spread widely by the Japanese news media and anti-Soka Gakkai groups abroud, that the term shakubuku has come to have negative associations amongst the public at large.
Most scholars writing in English on the subject of shakubuku translate it as "to break down and convert". Other translations include "to conquier evil aggressively", to "bend and cause to submit", and "to destroy and conquer." The term shakubuku is first mentioned in two texts known as the Shomangyo and the Dainichigyo that predate Nichiren.
Given that it has the connotation of "to break" and "to crush", it seems hardly surprising that outsiders would view it in a negative light O_O
Why should *violence* of any sort be required for people to recognize the truth of a philosophy? Shouldn't it be like the better mousetrap, that all you have to do is put up a sign and eager buyers will scurry on in? Why must one *abuse* people in order to "persuade" them to convert?? Why is it that these purveyors of "the trooth" have so little confidence in people's ability to understand that they recommend abusive techniques, yet then they expect to benefit from those same converts' intellects?
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Shakubuku was originally used by Nichiren (c. 1222 - 1282) to designate the intolerant, aggressive methods needed to convert the followers of other, "heretical" Buddhist denominations, while shoju was a tolerant approach whereby people were to be convinced to convert by moral suasion. The term shakubuku largely fell out of use after Nichiren's death, and was revived after World War II by Soka Gakkai. In Soka Gakkai literature of Toda's period, it is generally maintained that in the current days of mappo, the time of the degeneration of the law of the Buddha, only shakubuku would be an effective means of convincing non-believers to adopt the observance of True Buddhism.
And that, in and of itself, indicates that what they are referring to as "True Buddhism" is nothing but a variety of fascism that is being force upon people through abusive methods. Look at the violent terminology - that tells you everything you need to know.
This is a journal article, a scholarly paper on the topic. If you can handle that sort of thing, I invite you to peruse it and post your reactions and perspectives.
Edited 3 time(s). Last edit at 04/15/2013 02:52PM by TaitenAndProud.