I know they share the basic principles, but I would like to know if there is any specific difference between Landmark and Lifespring. I am researching on this topic, and that information would be useful.

Thanks

Basically they are the same type of large group awareness training (LGAT) program presented over a long weekend in a kind of seminar/intensive format.

See [www.culteducation.com]

And also [www.culteducation.com]

They both have the same basic structure, methods etc., but different people derived the profits and ran the companies.

Lifespring was apparently shut down through personal injury lawsuits, though it seems to have reincarnated as "The Legacy Center."

See [perso.wanadoo.fr]

There are many, many LGAT spin-offs of these groups run by graduates of their programs.

A psychologist Philip Cushman wrote a definitive paper on groups like Lifespring and Landmark, which he called "mass marathon training."

See [www.culteducation.com]

Hi Lug,

I gave the attached link of a sociological and psychological study of Lifespring to my girlfriend who had done Landmark Forum and Advanced courses.
[www.culteducation.com]

She stated later to me, that 95% of this paper was representative of her Landmark courses. What is also interesting is that this paper was researched in 1983 while my g/f did her courses in 2003, 20 years later. So, in 20 years, 95% of the Landmark courses are representative of Lifespring.

Lifespring and most other LGATS were derived from Est, the forerunner of Landmark Education.

Oz

the basically Scientology without the obvious science fiction