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Which are the features of psychological influence most common to spiritual movements ?
1. Outlook/aspiration of members
2. Authority of leader/founder
3. Shared belief in scripture, revelation, or sayings.
4. Uniqueness of the movement.
5. Salvation through baptism, initiation, or conversion.
6. Belief in prediction/prophecy
7. Belief versus intellect/Secrets
8. Common practice of a ritual
9. Sacrifice. Financial secrecy, favours to the rich
10. Unquestioning leadership, reprehensible behaviour amongst members.
11. Fear of expulsion
Next to financial contributions members will often be expected to offer services to the group. However, if they also have to work for practically nothing in commercial enterprises it becomes dubious. Movements that gather wealth at the expense of their members are questionable. Seldom or never requests for return of contributions/investments are honoured.
The stronger members are tied to a group, the more the fear of exclusion lurks. They may have invested their life's savings in the work (Scientology), paid a percentage of their income, failed to conclude their study, or make a career, or sacrificed a succesful one.
In many cases a member will have alienated himself from family and friends.
The true nature of the so-called friendships within the group will only be revealed after a devotee has left the fold. Members have seen this happen, but did not give it a thought at the time, because it happened to someone else. But when they undergo the same fate themselves they will feel the humiliation of being ignored, not being greeted anymore, marriage gone - even not being recognized by one's own children anymore.